Russian finance officials said Friday that they had pushed through around $100 million in interest payments due under some of the country’s foreign-currency debts, ahead of a likely change in U.S. sanctions next week that is expected to curtail Moscow’s ability to keep paying its sovereign debt.

Russia’s Finance Ministry said it had submitted roughly $71.3 million due under a dollar-denominated bond due 2026 and 26.5 million euros, equivalent to about $28 million, under a euro-denominated bond due 2036, according to Russian state media agency TASS.

Earlier this week, Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen said the U.S. would likely prevent U.S. investors from receiving payments on the Kremlin’s sovereign debt by letting an existing carve-out in sanctions against Russia expire May 25. That exemption has allowed American banks and investors to process and receive bond payments from Russia since the war with Ukraine began in late February.

By making payments ahead of next week’s deadline, Russia is likely aiming to delay a default scenario that would arise if it couldn’t get funds into bondholder accounts, according to Timothy Ash, senior sovereign economist at BlueBay Asset Management in London.

The Russian Finance Ministry said it has sent the interest payments to Russia’s national securities depository to be sent on to bondholders. But the payments will need to pass through a number of financial intermediaries before Moscow can be said to have fulfilled its obligations to creditors.

Those include correspondent banks, agent banks and clearinghouses—such as Citigroup Inc. and Euroclear—all of which are based outside Russia. Previous bond payments made by the Kremlin since the Ukraine war began have been held up at intermediaries because of complications from sanctions.

The payments announced Friday carry a due date of May 27—after the exemption is likely to expire. Russia, however, faces approximately $235 million in payments due under some of its dollar-denominated bonds on June 23, and an additional $159 million due June 24.

The U.S. has been steadily tightening Russia’s ability to stay current on its foreign bonds since the invasion of Ukraine. Russia hasn’t defaulted on its external debt since the aftermath of the 1918 Communist revolution.

Write to Alexander Saeedy at alexander.saeedy@wsj.com